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Showing posts with label Melissa B. Taboada. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Melissa B. Taboada. Show all posts

Thursday, May 20, 2021

How one community college professor is fighting high pandemic dropout rates

I had the honor and privilege of meeting this extraordinary professor featured in this piece written by Melissa Taboada in the context of a Catch the Next webinar today where I spoke. 

It was so powerful to hear about Dr. Anne Fletcher whose experience as an Austin Community College professor captures well what we know in education to be the power of authentic care and caring, a core theme in my book, Subtractive Schooling. 

It is so very touching and inspiring to read the story of a professor who stepped up to the plate throughout this pandemic to protect her students' personal and intellectual well-being. Thanks to Dr. Maria Martha Chavez, C.E.O. at Catch the Next​, for her gracious invitation to the webinar.

-Angela Valenzuela

How one community college professor is fighting high pandemic dropout rates

Anne Fletcher worries her students won’t succeed.

By Melissa Taboada | The Hechinger Report | May 20, 2021


It’s been more than a year since the coronavirus shut down most college campuses, and many of the problems that emerged at the start of the pandemic still plague Fletcher, who teaches English and developmental writing at Austin Community College.

More students than ever have dropped her courses. They’ve been battered first by the virus and, more recently, by a brutal winter storm and a major power crisis. A student who contracted COVID-19 this semester has fallen behind, but every effort Fletcher has made to reach him has been fruitless.

Two of her students have been hospitalized with the virus. Several have family members who died or lost their jobs. Others struggle to remain engaged in their new virtual world.

“I do feel in a sense that I’m failing some of these students,” Fletcher said. “I know in my mind I’m doing the very best I can. But they’re up against so much.”

“From the very beginning of my career, I was concerned about the students who struggled,” 
said Anne Fletcher, who has been teaching for 50 years. With her students, she has had 
to contend with the pandemic and a brutal winter storm this past year. 
Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report

Fletcher, who is 78, has been teaching for 50 years, but the days since March 2020 have been some of the bleakest of her career. The spread of COVID-19 forced the community college to shutter all 11 of its campuses in Central Texas just before spring break last year. More than a year later, the vast majority of courses remain online only.

In the beginning, teachers scrambled to record video lessons and help students get access to courses. Fletcher’s materials were already online, but she had never recorded instructional videos before and also had to quickly learn to teach live lessons and host online office hours. The college provided training and support, but some of Fletcher’s students couldn’t establish any internet connection at all. Others tried to keep up with her course using only their phones.

“That was a nightmare,” she said. “We lost some. They were used to in-person learning, and they didn’t know how they could do it. This was not what they bargained for when they signed up to start college.

“And we as professors could not express our frustration, our panic and our nightmares,” said Fletcher, an adjunct professor of English in composition and literary studies, who has taught at the college for 11 years. “We had to remain calm and do everything we could to help make the students feel more at ease and comfortable with online learning.”

On the weekend everything first shut down, as people retreated indoors and scrambled to find available face masks, Fletcher found a public library branch that had not yet closed. With students’ papers in hand, she met several of them there, to help them with needed revisions. In the fall, she drove 30 miles to a nearby city, San Marcos, to bring students in another class books on their reading list.

At her age, Fletcher is more vulnerable than younger people to getting severely ill if she contracts COVID-19. But she said she wasn’t thinking about getting sick; she just wanted to ensure her students had what they needed.

“I did what I had to do,” she said.

Related: ‘It’s just too much’: Why some students are abandoning community colleges

About half the students Fletcher teaches are considered at high risk of not completing college. Many grew up in low-income families, are English language learners or come from historically marginalized communities. In addition to first-year English composition courses, Fletcher teaches developmental classes, for students who were admitted but did not score high enough on a state college entrance exam to be considered college-ready; those students simultaneously take college-credit English courses, which Fletcher also teaches, to help them make progress. In her first seven years at the college, she also was a GED instructor, teaching all subjects to adults seeking to pass their high school equivalency exams.

“From the very beginning of my career, I was concerned about the students who struggled,” said Fletcher. “Those students need extra help. I think I understand their needs. Not every teacher is aware that they need extra help and how to help them.”

She also is an instructor in the college’s Ascender program, which works to boost completion rates among Latinos and other underserved student groups.

Alejandra Polcik, the Ascender program manager at Austin Community College, said Fletcher frequently works on weekends, answers emails after hours and talks often to her and other program organizers about students’ progress. “She is conscious of the obstacles that we are facing,” she said. “She accommodates her students, but she never lowers her standards.”

Fletcher’s mother, who emigrated from Ireland to New York City at age 16 with only a sixth grade education, inspired her to become a teacher. Her mother worked cleaning houses during the day and attended night school to earn first her high school diploma, then her nursing degree.

The example set by Fletcher’s mother, along with those of many strong teachers who “were there for me steadfastly all my life,” instilled in Fletcher a love of learning.

“I admired them and I wanted to be like them,” Fletcher said.


Anne Fletcher tends to her plants on the patio of her home in South Austin. Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report

In her own career, Fletcher, who earned a bachelor’s degree in English at Good Counsel College in White Plains, New York (later merged with Pace University), and a master’s in special education at Fairfield University in Connecticut, started as a special education teacher in New York. She then spent years in Ohio working with children who had physical and cognitive disabilities. At other times  she taught students in community college who needed more intensive instruction in reading and writing, to prepare them to enroll in college-level courses.

She returned to that work in 2010 after moving to Austin to be near her children and grandchildren.

“When I had the chance to come to Texas, I was seeking those who were struggling with English, the Latinx students,” she said. “They were the most in need. I saw that there were adults who also struggled with reading and writing, and they were actually more in need, because they were adults who were trying to improve their quality of life.”

In 2019 the college gave her the National Institute for Staff and Organizational Development (NISOD) Excellence Award, established to support individual schools’ recognition of their top teachers. She waves off the attention.

“I don’t do what I do alone,” she said. “Whatever success I and my students have is due to the joint efforts of all the members of the learning community. That’s really important for me to say, because I really believe that. I could not be doing this by myself. There are a great number of people who are helping the students be successful.”

Struggling students


The South Austin campus of Austin Community College, one of the campuses where Fletcher taught courses in person before the pandemic. Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report

In each of the last three semesters, Fletcher has lost more students than she did in any previous semester at the college. Typically only one or two  drop her courses in a given semester, but she estimates she’s lost about 10 percent since last March. The academic careers of community college students are often tenuous, which is why Fletcher’s ability to  retain them has been so important to her.

The pandemic hit community college enrollment the hardest, with preliminary numbers showing national enrollment down 11.3 percent from a year earlier, according to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center.

“It’s hard to overstate how dramatic the disruption was,” said Texas Higher Education Commissioner Harrison Keller.

The pandemic also took a toll on students’ mental health. Fletcher’s students began to communicate to her their increasing anxiety and depression over online learning, isolation and the pandemic at large, prompting her to shift how she started her classes.

Now, as students log in from separate locations across the city, they’re greeted by the soothing sounds of strings and woodwinds playing in the background and an inspirational quote on their shared screen. Sometimes the classical music gives way to a song like “Never Giving Up,” by Fearless Soul, “It’s a Beautiful Morning,” by the Rascals, or “Lean on Me,” by Bill Withers. The melodies are paired with lines from Maya Angelou’s “Still I Rise,” Amanda Gorman’s “The Hill We Climb” or an inspiring maxim.

She wants to fill her students with hope, she said, to keep them connected.

Related: How a decline in community college students is a big problem for the economy

On a recent spring afternoon, after the music played, Fletcher, whose voice is steady and sure, reminded them of a tip she got from a friend who is a neuroscientist: “You can rewire your brain to be happy by simply recalling three things you’re grateful for every day for 21 days.”

Fletcher then launched into the day’s agenda, rattling off descriptions for the three rhetorical appeals — ethos, logos and pathos — and providing examples of each. Then she encouraged the students to seek help if they needed it in putting together their papers. “No one should feel badly if you’re struggling,” she said. “You’re here to learn to write an essay.”

Providing guidance outside classroom time is the norm for Fletcher. Living alone with her two dogs, she often spends nights and weekends reaching out to her students. She holds special online sessions to give personalized help to those struggling with their work. She also gives extra credit to those who turn in a biweekly confidential journal where they note how they’re doing, what’s going well and areas in which they’re struggling.

Fletcher is “available, for not just academics, but for whatever they may have needed,” she said. “I want to provide that help. I want them to be successful in college, not just in my class but in their other courses. I want them to have a better life.

“But I know there are some out there who I’m not reaching, that no one is reaching,” she added.

In instructor evaluations from last May, at the end of the first semester battered by the pandemic, students in Fletcher’s classes lauded her commitment to seeing them through the course.

“She provided a sense of reassurance that I wasn’t alone, and she was always so willing to help,” wrote one student, adding that Fletcher was encouraging and understanding of the student’s learning disabilities. “She didn’t add to my stress of school and online learning; she helped and made the chaos manageable.”

Another wrote: “I learned a lot of new things, especially for it being online. That’s how amazing she is!”

Carmen Garcia Hernandez, an 18-year-old from Kyle, Texas, who is the first in her family to go to college, started at Austin Community College last fall. But in the isolation of learning remotely, she said, some days it doesn’t feel like she’s attending college, and the routine of sitting at her desk all the time can feel overwhelming. Fletcher seems to understand, she said.

“She’s very approachable and makes me feel more confident to ask her questions if I need to,” Garcia Hernandez said. “She does her most to give us the most information she can, whether it’s in class or outside school resources.”

 Facing another crisis, taking action


Fletcher sits with Maggie, one of her two dogs. Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report 

Despite the pandemic, Fletcher felt most of her students had fallen into a healthy rhythm as the spring semester began. But just a few weeks into it, a winter storm pummeled Texas in mid-February, leaving her and many of her students without power, heat or water — and in some cases, even food — for days.

Without  electricity, Fletcher couldn’t open the garage door to get her car out. And even if she could have, her driveway and the roads were thick with ice. She was able to light her gas stove but hadn’t gone grocery shopping before the storm, so she cooked what she had left, a handful of frozen chicken breasts. And even when she was concerned that her own life might be in danger, Fletcher worried about her students. But her phone had died and she had no internet.

“I couldn’t contact anybody,” she said. “I couldn’t reach them to let them know what was happening. And I knew they were probably going through the same.”

When the winter storm first blew in, her son, who lives 25 miles away, wanted her to come stay with his family. But Fletcher felt it was too much of a hassle to pack up her dogs, including one that was severely ill, and she expected the power to come back within hours.

On the fourth day without heat or power, she charged her phone in her car long enough to call 911, and a police officer came to her home and was able to open her garage. She backed out her car so she could start it to charge her phone more, and contacted people at the college, asking them to let students know why she wasn’t responding to their messages.


Coursework sits on Fletcher’s coffee table. In the early days of the pandemic, she helped her students keep up by taking paper coursework to them at a local library that had not yet closed. Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report

In all, at least 111 Texans died as a result of the winter storm. Some Austin-area housing complexes, including a few where her students lived, still haven’t had water or gas restored or damage repaired. One of her students with a newborn briefly connected online to tell Fletcher the pipes in her house had burst and everything she had was destroyed. Fletcher offered to give her baby items that  her grandchildren had outgrown, then wrote a letter to enable the student to apply for the college’s emergency relief fund.

Before the storm, Fletcher had routinely provided students with information about  resources like local food banks and COVID-19 testing. In the storm crisis, she then began giving them information about preventing eviction, since some apartment managers, citing the need for repairs, tried to force tenants out.

“It is really alarming,” she said. “We are in a crisis, there’s no doubt about it. Even though many have recovered, there are many who have not. It’s not really over, because people are living with the aftermath of it.”

Fletcher worries the combined impact of the pandemic and the storm  will stop some of her students from finishing the semester, but she’s determined to see them through. She’s offered special sessions to walk them step-by-step through writing their college papers.

“My goal is to do everything possible to keep everyone, and to have them be successful,” Fletcher said. “I owe it to the college and I owe it to the students. I couldn’t live with myself if I didn’t do everything possible.”

This story about community college professors was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for our higher education newsletter.

Sunday, February 10, 2019

This time they mean it: Austin district trustees move closer to school closures

This article by Melissa Taboada of the Austin American-Statesman is very concerning.  There is a lot of detail to plough through in this piece which also provides a decent history of school closures.  That said, Education Austin President Ken Zarifis maintains that "because the majority of the underenrolled schools are in the district’s eastern side, he will not support any closures unless the district first redraws boundaries," and "exhaust all options," generally speaking.
The hollowing out of the city core is deeply concerning. This reflects gentrification and the charterization of schools on Austin's East Side.  I know that they target the Latino, frequently immigrant, community ferociously.  Not speaking about any one charter school, in particular, from my own work in East Austin, I see first hand how our parents fall prey to the glossy handouts and the impassioned sales pitches to lure public school kids out of our East Side schools.  Nevermind the data and powerful evidence that show that parents would do really well to think twice before putting their child in a charter school. 
The shorter and longer game is that we as a polity, as advocates for public education, "poach" these students back into our schools by expanding the programs like dual language education, environmental science, arts programs, as well as community-based programs with high levels of parents involvement, that simultaneously breathe life into the curriculum, schools, and surrounding community.  
Dual language education and Ethnic Studies could and should be major draws that distinguish AISD not only from charter schools locally, but also with respect to public education in our country, as a whole, where such programs often depend on local champions as opposed to being embedded in district policy and practice.  Not that this or any district is perfect, but rather that because governance is local, we as communities can advocate for and seek changes like these that we want, need, and are research-based to boot.
John Dewey famously referred to our nation's public school classrooms as "laboratories for democracy."  With this as a premise, shuttering schools is bad for democracy.  
I am happy to read that the district has plans to work with the Austin Mayor Steve Adler and Council Member Kathie Tovo to transform "shuttered campuses into affordable housing or city parks."
Although this piece makes me sad, I can only imagine what it's doing to those that are feeling targeted at the moment.
-Angela Valenzuela
By Melissa B. Taboada
February 7, 2019
After years of putting off a decision to close schools, Austin district leaders are forming a plan that would consolidate campuses starting in August 2020.
It’s too early to know which schools will be shuttered or even how the decisions will be made. But district leaders say postponing a decision is not an option as they predict a bleak financial forecast, exacerbated by a plummeting student population, ballooning annual recapture payments to the state, and depleting district reserves. The district must eliminate a $60 million shortfall by next school year.
Administrators on Monday will begin discussions with the school board on developing criteria for closing and consolidating campuses. Officials said they would later involve parents and a committee that has been studying the issue. According to a preliminary timeline, criteria and guiding principles would be set by April, administrators would present schools for possible consolidation by May and trustees would make decisions as early as June.
“We want to ensure every single scenario we produce puts a student in a better school environment. Period,” said Matias Segura, district operations officer. “The methodology we develop and the principles we use to verify our outcomes will certainly reflect that.”
The school district for at least the past quarter-century has been criticized for holding on to chronically underenrolled schools. State officials, consultants and district committees since at least 1993 have called out the district for inefficiencies, all recommending shuttering campuses.
But such discussions always have been met with public backlash, as parents and students defend neighborhood schools and East Austin community leaders warn against closing schools in a part of the city that for years dealt with the trauma of school closures as part of a desegregation plan that shuttered schools designated as black-only and kept open schools for whites.
The district’s financial strains aren’t new, though they’ve been worsening in recent years. District trustees repeatedly have said they will be forced in the coming months and years to make difficult choices, the cuts previous district leaders adamantly opposed, to solve the district’s financial woes.
“We can’t afford to spend in the same way we have,” said board President Geronimo Rodriguez. “There is a political will to put all options on the table. There is a will to make the hard choices. We have to act.”
Calls to close
The district’s enrollment has been declining for six consecutive years, but there have been calls to close low-enrolled schools ranging back a quarter century, when a Texas School Performance Review stated Austin facilities were underused and recommended the district close schools. Then in 2000, in a 736-page audit, the state comptroller again recommended consolidations. In 2009, financial consulting firm MGT of America, hired by the district, also recommended taking campuses offline. Within months, the district acted on more than half of the consultant’s recommendations, but shuttering campuses was not among them.
And in 2011, a facilities committee tasked with finding inefficiencies recommended closing schools. About 1,500 people showed up to district meetings in one week to oppose the closures. And the school board shelved the recommendations.
In 2016, a new facilities and bond advisory committee worked alongside administrators for more than a year to create a facilities master plan, which was adopted in 2017, and also suggested schools should be closed. The consultant initially working on the plan identified schools for closure, but the committee’s facilities report did not list specific campuses. Instead, it called on the school board to examine whether schools should be closed after three consecutive years of low enrollment. Trustees approved that plan, with safeguards to provide underenrolled schools resources and support to help boost enrollment before they would be considered for closure.
Most recently, an administrative plan to balance the budget listed 12 schools that could be closed to help narrow the gap. Then in January, a budget stabilization task force found that the district could save $1.2 million for each closure, pointing to 15 elementaries with fewer than 300 students, but did not name specific schools. The majority of the more than three dozen schools with enrollments under 75 percent of capacity are located east of Interstate 35. Some rank low by state testing measures and count high numbers of Latino and African-American students from low-income families.
District leaders, including some trustees and administrators, have said students who attend aging, underenrolled schools would be better off attending modernized or new campuses with strong academic programs and brimming with students.
Low enrollment won’t be the only factor in identifying schools to close, Superintendent Paul Cruz said. Other criteria will include the physical condition of schools and their educational suitability, he said. Consultants three years ago performed complete facility and educational suitability assessments of every school. Several trustees also have said they want to consolidate schools in an equitable way, which could mean closing schools that are not under-enrolled west of Interstate 35.
“We have to look at developing a criteria that is equitable and considers multiple factors so that one or two communities aren’t disproportionately impacted,” Trustee Cindy Anderson said. “It is one tool to balance enrollment, but we need to examine feeder patterns and boundaries. It’s going to take a number different strategies to balance out the district. No one thing is going to solve the issues. We don’t want to create more problems with it.”
Losing students
The 80,000-student Austin district has declined by more than 6,000 students since 2013, which equates to about $115 million in lost state funding.
School district administrators and demographers attribute the enrollment declines to a number of factors, including transfers to suburban districts and charter schools, and birth rates that declined with the 2008 recession. The number of school-age children living in some pockets of the district is falling, a phenomenon common among urban districts. Demographers describe the loss as a doughnut-shaped hole in the city, where the core has more schools with vacancies. Schools in other parts of the district continue to grow.
Despite a housing boom downtown and areas near downtown, few new homes built in those areas are designed for or marketed to families. At the same time, the new housing is driving up real estate prices, pricing out lower-income families.
The average market value of homes in the Austin school district last year was $441,067, much more than the average market values of homes in Del Valle ($184,059), Hays ($205,261), Pflugerville ($255,785), and Round Rock ($340,767) — four area districts that attract Austin families.
The enrollment decline comes even as the district has enacted countermeasures, including adding prekindergarten for 3-year-olds, starting tuition-based prekindergarten classes, launching a marketing campaign and opening doors to students who live outside the district boundaries. The district has picked up about 2,400 students by allowing transfers from other districts. District officials also have been working with underenrolled schools, allowing specialty programs, such as a dual language program at Becker Elementary in South Austin, a fine arts program at Blackshear Elementary in East Austin, and a dyslexia program at Covington Middle School in South Austin and providing money to market those programs.
Without those efforts, the declines could have been steeper, but critics say the district has not included surrounding communities for input or done enough to help the struggling schools.
Overcapacity, underenrolled
District officials over the years have discussed solutions to address the district’s overcrowded and half-empty schools. But talks about possible school closures and boundary changes have long been contentious in Austin.
Thirty-seven Austin district schools are at or below 75 percent capacity, the threshold the district considers when defining campuses as underenrolled. But nearly an equal amount, 38, enroll more than 100 percent of capacity. In some pockets of the district, particularly in Northwest and Southwest Austin, overcrowding is common, with schools beyond 150 percent capacity. Three elementary schools in those areas have more than 1,000 students, the size of the district’s larger middle schools.
But other campuses, primarily in East Austin, are half-empty, with one at 29 percent.
Critics have said the district is pouring millions of dollars into repairs of old buildings, which diverts money away from academic goals. A January report by the Budget Stabilization Task Force also called on the district to shutter schools, but told trustees that cuts must not have “a disproportionately negative impact on certain parts of the district, namely East Austin.” Specifically, the report said closures cannot be limited exclusively to schools that are underenrolled, and recommended consolidations and any boundary changes should increase socio-economic and cultural diversity at schools and must be balanced east and west of Lamar Boulevard.
“All of the easy and non-controversial budget corrections have already been made, leaving only the special interest, sacred cows to be evaluated,” the task force report said. “Only the politically charged and difficult options to address the structural budget deficit remain.”
Attorneys with the Texas Civil Rights Project in 2014 warned Austin district officials against closing schools on the eastern side of the district. Other proponents of keeping schools open have said closures of underenrolled schools would have a disparate effect on already marginalized neighborhoods. One group of regular district activists have threatened to organize an independent district or to be absorbed into a neighboring one.
Ken Zarifis, the president of labor group Education Austin, and one of the task force members, said because the majority of the underenrolled schools are in the district’s eastern side, he will not support any closures unless the district first redraws boundaries.
“We need to exhaust our options before looking at closing schools, but we haven’t done that,” Zarifis said.
Nationally, 1,573 schools, mostly elementary campuses, were closed in 2014-15, the most recent data available, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Closures have been common among major urban school districts, with dozens shuttered in Chicago, and Washington, D.C. The Dallas district also has closed multiple campuses in recent years. Dallas school leaders last year proposed shuttering more, a plan that was met with resistance and prompted them to scale back to just a few.
Desegregation echoes?
Some experts warn there are repercussions to shuttering schools: Home values often decrease in the neighborhoods with closed schools; parents, particularly those in low-income neighborhoods, have more difficulty getting their children to the new campus locations, and building a sense of community and parental engagement becomes harder.
“Communities of color and low-income communities pay the burden of the closure but they’re not compensated for the burden,” said Michelle Renée Valladares, associate director at the National Education Policy Center, a nonprofit policy research center in the school of education at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “There are a lot of ripple effects and unintended consequences when closing a school. The transitions have never been as smooth as promised so it has a tremendous disruption in the life of the kids. Building that sense of community and parental engagement becomes a lot harder.”
Some see in suggestions of focusing closures in East Austin an echo of the city’s rocky history of desegregation.
As part of the desegregation efforts, the district in 1971 shuttered the original L.C. Anderson High School, which served as a place of pride for many in East Austin’s African-American community.
Parent Emily Sawyer, whose children attend two underenrolled schools said district leaders must be “bold and undeterred by discomfort” in determining what equity should look like in the district as officials approach consolidations.
“Given the current realities in our city and district, school consolidations have become necessary and I believe inevitable,” Sawyer said. “It is not enough, however, to simply be fair minded and logical in choosing and applying criteria for school consolidations. We must choose to be radical in regressing the past racist wrongs perpetrated against those in the education system whom we historically did not see fit to educate.”
Outside help
Some political heavy hitters, community and civic groups are making moves to support the district as it navigates school closures.
Austin Mayor Steve Adler and Council Member Kathie Tovo late last month raised the idea of transforming shuttered campuses into affordable housing or city parks.
Adler and Tovo in a joint statement said as the district faces possible closures, the city simultaneously faces a lack of affordable housing, places for parks and public facilities to meet community needs.
“Perhaps these two sets of challenges can add up to one good answer for our community: opportunities for some community needs to be met on all or part of repurposed AISD properties,” they said.
The city passed a resolution for the two entities to work together to use district facilities in a way to benefit the community.
The school district already has sold surplus land (though not schools) to developers and the city, stipulating that at least a portion of it be used to develop affordable housing, prioritizing district families and staff for such housing.
Leaders of the Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce also in January met with district officials, offering to support a strategic communications plan that explains to the public the need to make hard choices.
“You have a number of business leaders who care deeply about the community and want to help,” said Drew Scheberle, the chamber’s executive vice president of education. “We know that the school district has had some record academic performance and their financial status needs some shoring up and there are tough decisions they must make. We’re not trying to micromanage but trying to support those elected and those working to solve the problems.”