Knowing Mexican American Civil Rights Movement history that, unfortunately, our textbooks do not include, remains vastly important if we are to fully understand the plight of Mexican Americans advocating for an equitable and just education and the broader implications of this struggle for us today.

Texas history—and the history of the Southwest, in general, where large numbers of students protested in the form of school walkouts, rallies, and community organizing led to much-needed policy changes the provide a model—among others like coalitional, judicial, and electoral politics together with legislative actions—for collective struggles today.

It's worth noting that Mexican American progress is inextricably linked to Latina and Latino progress, as a whole, as well as with that of all other groups of color. As a society, we ALL benefit from appeals to civil rights and are NEVER hurt by it. We only benefit when we live up to our highest ideals as a country.

Looking forward to seeing this play that features, in particular, the legendary Dr. Jose Angel Gutierrez' leadership, at the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center in San Antonio soon. Go to this page for more information. Hurry up though since tickets are going fast.

-Angela Valenzuela

Fronteras: ‘Crystal City 1969’ play honors the real-life story of student 'heroes and sheroes' who fought for Latino civil rights

By Norma Martinez, 

Marian Navarro

In 1969, a Mexican American high school student in Crystal City wanted 

to join her school’s cheerleading squad.

She was automatically disqualified from applying. Only one Mexican 

American cheerleader was allowed and the squad had already met its 

yearly quota.

The incident became the catalyst that led to a historic school walkout. 

But it was more than about a cheerleader who didn’t get a spot on the 

team.

It was also about physical punishment students endured for speaking 

Spanish, and about how Mexican Americans were often discouraged 

from pursuing a college education.

The walkout was about discrimination and racism.

Dallas-based Cara Mía Theatre adapted the events of the walkout and 

turned it into the play, “Crystal City 1969.”

Playwrights David Lozano and Raul Treviño conducted interviews with former 

students, teachers, and law enforcement officials who lived through the 

walkout.

Lozano, executive artistic director of Cara Mía Theatre, said the movement 

was eye-opening for students.

“They were just discovering this reality and putting the pieces together 

because the world (and) what is essentially a quasi-Jim Crow culture (that) 

had become normalized,” he said. “But as young people, they were 

beginning to wake up to these differences and how they were treated.”

The Crystal City walkout was inspired by similar walkouts in Los Angeles, 

San Antonio, and the Rio Grande Valley.

Treviño, whose own uncle was a student leader of the walkout, said 

the play aims to ensure this event does not become a forgotten piece 

of history.

“It is a universal story. It's a timeless story. It’s David and Goliath,” he said. 

“You go back thousands of years and it's when young people are able to 

make a difference for their communities.”

The play is set to make its San Antonio debut at the Guadalupe Cultural 

Arts Center Jan. 19-22.

See showtimes and information here. Some shows may already 

be sold out.

Texas bill on ethnic studies would add Mexican American, African American history to curriculum. "Our history is not an elective."

This is super wonderful news from Rep. Morales' Nov. 13th press release and press conference joined by Senator Carol Alvarado, Representative Gene Wu, Tony Diaz, and other local leaders, Rep. Morales provides the following context for her HB 1504 filed in the last legislative session:

"The bill passed with unanimous support out of the House Public Education Committee last session, and in a historic vote on May 11th, 2021, passed on third reading in the Texas House of Representatives. Texas State Representative Morales said, “Throughout my life, I have been empowered by knowing my family and community’s history. This bill would ensure that all Texans, regardless of their background, have the opportunity to learn their history. Tomorrow we will come together to once again bring renewed effort to making these courses available statewide.

Community organizer Tony Diaz, El Librotraficante, added, 'It is an honor to unite to support courses that are proven to increase graduation rates, academic achievement, and inspire students to profoundly examine the role of our communities in forming this state and this nation.'”

Love this quote by Rep. Morales: "The interest in these classes has only increased since they've been available as an elective, but I'm here to tell you that our history is not an elective." Full stop!

The 88th Texas Legislative session commences in January, 2023. It's about that time to reach out to whoever represents you to express your support for this legislation.

Folks should know that this bill is inclusive of Asian American Studies and Native American Studies. These elective courses are stuck in the Texas State Board of Education that has postponed their getting TEKS aligned for at least a year or more. Very disappointing. The good thing is that if this bill passes, it makes it to the top of the docket for approval and implementation by the Texas SBOE.

A final comment is that the Ethnic Studies movement has been a unifier, bringing so many of us, meaning new, diverse publics, into conversation with one another making this an exciting time for our increasingly diverse community in Texas such that it's all already worth it, worth pursuing.

-Angela Valenzuela

#EthnicStudiesNow

Texas bill on ethnic studies would add Mexican American, African American history to curriculum

Sam González Kelly, Staff writer | Nov. 15, 2022



State Rep. Christina Morales, center, laughs alongside Latino community advocates as she presents her ethnic studies bill Nov. 14, 2022, outside the historic LULAC Council 60 building at 3004 Bagby St. in Houston, Texas.

Citing strong student interest and the need for youth to understand their own history and culture, Texas Democratic lawmakers Monday reintroduced a bill that would require public schools to offer ethnic studies.

House Bill 45 is one of several education-based bills introduced Monday, the first day state lawmakers could file legislation for the upcoming 88th session of the Legislature, which convenes in January. The measure aims to add ethnic studies, specifically Mexican American and African American history, to a high school social studies curriculum that already requires that students study Texas and U.S. history. While the Texas State Board of Education has already created some ethnic studies courses, they do not count toward the state's high school graduation requirements and are not universally offered across Texas.

"The interest in these classes has only increased since they've been available as an elective, but I'm here to tell you that our history is not an elective," said the bill's lead author, state Rep. Christina Morales, flanked by other Democratic officials and Latino community advocates in front of the historic LULAC Council 60 building in Midtown.

"We need to ensure that all students in our Texas public high schools learn about their own history so that they can succeed, because that's for a better Texas," Morales said.

The bill would allow ethnic studies classes to count as half-credits toward the three required social studies credits necessary to graduate from high school. An identical measure was introduced during the 87th legislative session last year, and it passed the House by a vote of 81 to 59 before stalling in the Senate.

It will likely come up against opposition again from Texas Republicans, who last year banned from public schools the teaching of critical race theory, an advanced academic framework that explores the influence of race in politics and society, arguing that it pits children against each other and makes white children in particular feel guilty for historical events beyond their control.

CRT BILL: Legislature passes bill banning ‘critical race theory’ from Texas classrooms

Opponents of that ban say teaching America's history of slavery and segregation does not amount to critical race theory and that banning such subjects conveniently glosses over the country's history of racism and discrimination. In Texas, where people of color drove 95 percent of the state's population growth between 2010 and 2020, any history that doesn't include ethnic studies is incomplete, advocates of the newly proposed bill said.

"We all helped build this country, and it's time that our own children, that our communities, are able to learn about it and respect themselves and love themselves and recognize that their forefathers had a part in building this great country," said Rep. Gene Wu, a joint author of the bill introduced in 2021.

Though the 2021 bill's lone Republican joint author, former Rep. Dan Huberty, did not run for reelection after the 87th session, Morales said its success in the House last session is evidence she can muster bipartisan support in a Republican-led Legislature. The new bill does not yet have a GOP representative signed on.

"My challenge the first day that I get there into session is to align myself with one of the Republicans ... to help me pass this bill," Morales said. "Everybody is an immigrant, everybody has a different ethnicity. This is a very diverse state and very diverse city, and this will help many, many students all over our state."

Join the Librotraficante Caravan of Banned Books in #ATX Tomorrow to the Texas State Capitol—Friday, April 29, 2022

 Friends:

Tony Diaz, the famous “Librotraficante,” or book smuggler, has turned his sights on his very own Texas after having smuggled books to Arizona when the Tucson Unified School District dismantled the Mexican American Studies program in 2010, resulting in a court case in which I and others testified that was ultimately won in 2017. (Note: I have covered all of this amply on this blog; keyword search the following to learn more: “Mexican American Studies (MAS),” “TUSD Ethnic Studies,” “Tony Diaz,” and “Librotraficante.”)

Now in light of banned books in Texas, he and his colleagues are looking to smuggle books into different places, including Austin. Here is his Austin schedule in the event that you want to join us tomorrow as we openly challenge the attack on our history and the censorship of books in the schools.

—At 2:00 PM, Librotraficante Underground Library, Palm Park 200 N IH-35 frontage road, 5B (also known as “Palm School”)

—At 3:00 PM, March for Cultura (from Palm Park to the Capitol, along Cesar Chavez St. to Congress St., to the State Capitol Building). 

—At 3:30 PM, Austin State Capitol

—At 5:00 PM Refreshments, Raul Salinas

—At 8:00 PM (Teatro) ¡Estar Guars!: A May The Fourth/Cinco De Mayo Comedy Fiesta, 600 River St, Austin, TX 78701-4218, United States

Like Librotraficante on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Librotraficante

Follow Tony Diaz on Radio Show 90.1FM KPFT: https://www.tonydiaz.net/radio

He is also a reporter for Fox 26 News Houston: https://www.fox26houston.com/

Check out the wonderful piece on him below by Alejandro Serrano in the Houston Chronicle, as well. I won’t have a revolution if I can’t dance, my friends. Looking forward to good times tomorrow!

-Angela Valenzuela

‘Book smugglers’ plan caravans from Houston, San Antonio to start underground library for banned books

Alejandro Serrano, Staff writer | Houston Chronicle | April 27, 2022

Librotraficante members Tony Diaz and Liana Lopez try to decide which sign to make into a large poster on Tuesday, April 19, 2022, in Houston. The group of activists plans to use signs and posters later this month at a rally in Austin, following a caravan from Houston, against recent efforts to ban books in the state.

 

Godofredo A. Vásquez, Houston Chronicle / Staff photographer

A decade ago, Tony Diaz and four other Latinos organized a caravan to deliver forbidden books and history to Tucson, Ariz., where a Mexican-American studies program had been banned from schools.

The “book smugglers” return this week, spurred by the wave of book challenges and bans that has spread across the country over the last year, with some parts of Texas leading the charge.

On HoustonChronicle.com: Texas has seen a surge in requests to pull books from schools. Here are Houston's numbers so far

The Librotraficantes, which translates to book traffickers, plan to lead a pair of caravans loaded with banned books to Austin from Houston and San Antonio Friday with a similar mission to 10 years ago: spread the words others have sought to suppress.

“I am hoping that this is going to open the eyes of our community members,” said Diaz, who 24 years ago founded Nuestra Palabra, which started as a group of Latino writers and has evolved into a mission to promote Latino literature and culture. “This is not a one-shot deal. We proved that we are here for decades-long work. We’ve proven that, but now this movement is a response to the movement that is trying to silence voices.”

The caravans, organized in partnership with LULAC Texas, are in response to a spate of attempts to remove books from school libraries across Texas and the nation. In the Houston region, school districts so far mostly have avoided mass challenges that have occurred elsewhere, but still have recorded an increase in requests for book reviews. Last week, the ACLU of Texas accused Katy, Klein and San Antonio’s North East ISDs of violating students’ First Amendment rights by removing dozens of books and, in some instances, not following designated review procedures.

The American Library Association tracked the most attempts to ban books last year — 729 challenges to library, school and university materials — since it began 20 years ago compiling a list of such efforts.

In Texas, state officials have emboldened such efforts. Gov. Greg Abbott put educators in the cross-hairs, essentially accusing them incorrectly of stocking porn in school libraries, among other attacks.

COMPLAINTS: Books challenged in Houston schools are 'contrary to everything Christian', promote BLM

State Rep. Matt Krause, R-Fort Worth, chairman of the House General Investigating Committee, sent a list of some 850 books — many of which explored LGBTQ issues — to school districts, asking if the titles were on their shelves.

The moves helped spur the return of the Librotraficantes, who already were thinking of marking the 10-year anniversary of the original caravan.

“Honestly, I thought we were just going to mark the anniversary,” Diaz said. “But the book bans are back.”

Since the original caravan to Arizona, a federal judge ruled in 2017 the state had violated Mexican-American students’ constitutional rights by ending the successful ethnic studies program, writing in an opinion that the enactment and enforcement of the ban was “motivated by racial animus.”

To Diaz, a writer who switched from fiction to nonfiction around the time Arizona enacted the ban because he figured he “can’t make this stuff up anymore,” the ruling was a victory. He also believes the current attacks on history have been informed by that success, as well as the success of the 2012 caravan.

So, he and the Librotraficantes have organized again.

On HoustonChronicle.com: How did 400 Katy ISD parents get a book removed? Accusations of Marxism and 'critical race theory.'

Friday’s events are expected to start with a morning press conference in Houston before some 45 individuals board a bus to Austin, where it will meet the bus from San Antonio at Palm Park. There they will launch an underground library with about 200 donated books, to start. The group, Diaz said, will give some of the books to La Peña, a cultural organization and art gallery that will serve as their steward.

“Literally, what it means is it will be a bookshelf with those books and then the stewards decide: Do they just lend them out, do they give them away,” Diaz said. “When they run out, they need to tell us.”

In the afternoon, The Librotraficantes plan a procession of banned books on Cesar Chavez Street to Congress Avenue en route to the capitol in a “March for Cultura.”

The group also plans to honor six Latina icons — among them Dr. Angela Valenzuela, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin who had testified in a case cited by the federal judge who overturned Arizona’s law — in hopes of inspiring their recognition in Austin, Diaz said.

The whole plan came together in a matter of weeks, Diaz said, following a conversation about the 10th anniversary of the Tucson caravan.

Liana Lopez, one of the other five original organizers who goes by Librotraficante Lilo, said it felt like the effort to ban Mexican American studies that spurred the first protest was a “testing ground” for the current, wider attacks on history.

“I don’t understand what is scary about history,” Lopez said. “The only way to heal is to heal ourselves first, and we have to be able to address what’s happened in the past in a way that is not scary.”

alejandro.serrano@chron.com

View Graphic with hyperlinks at http://www.librotraficante.com/

"50 Years of Struggle in Chicana and Chicano Studies," Parts I, II, and III Berkeley, California, Latinopia.com, December 10, 2021

Friends:

Happy to share these published videos, Parts I, II, and III, the beginning of what will be several installments accessible at Latinopia.com that were recorded and published by legendary filmmaker and director, Jesús Treviño, with the assistance of Nelson Melgar. 

In a reunion of elders in Chicano/a Studies, Jesús captures conversations that some of us in Chicana and Chicano Studies, including several of the founders of the National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies, had on December 10, 2021 at the University of California Berkeley Latinx Research Center in Berkeley, California directed by Professor Laura E. Pérez.

From left to right, seated at the table are Drs. Pat Zavella, Lalo Valdez,Emilio Zamora, Teresa Carrillo, Ines Hernandez, David Montejano,

Felipe Gonzalez, Ed Escobar, Estevan Flores, Tomas Almaguer, Francisco Hernandez, Carlos Munoz, Francisco Vazquez, Teresa Córdova, Larry Trujillo, Aida Hurtado, Angela Valenzuela, Rosa-Linda Fregoso, as well as Laura E. Pérez and Yvette Flores-Ortiz not pictured. 

As you can hear for yourselves, the conversation is wonderfully textured, acknowledging major accomplishments as a field of study simultaneously with the notion that so much more remains to be done. That said, we thoroughly enjoyed reconnecting and catching up with each other's lives and learning about all the great work that all are still involved in because the movimiento continues.

As Dr. Rosa-Linda Fregoso aptly notes in Part II, "Chicano and Chicana Studies comes out of a social movement. It's not something that was top-down. It was bottom-up." This positions us well for what she observes as emergent social movements outside of the academy for which we all need to be prepared. "Intersectionalities," she notes, are less about identity these days and more about intersectional struggles with the idea that we have been building the requisite knowledge "for that moment."

To be sure, hope dies hard, if ever, for us movimiento activists.

Its progeny are the thousands upon thousands of students who have gone on to work as educators, community advocates, hold elective offices, and are otherwise well represented in leadership positions today, remaining deeply connected to their communities, influencing policy and practice from wherever they find themselves.

Pursuant to this important convening, our hopes and plans are to broaden the conversation in the future so that many more "elders in the movement," if you will, can similarly provide their takeaways from 50 years of being activist, community-engaged scholars. So stay tuned as there will be more to come, including on Latinopia, a wonderful website that has generated a substantial archive unto itself of the Chicana and Chicano experience.

Perspectives and reflections like these are so necessary for the generations coming forward.  I know that I myself would not have survived academia without Chicano/a Studies. Even today, it continues being a fountainhead that continues to nourish, motivate, and inspire.

Enjoy!

-Angela Valenzuela

On the weekend of Dec. 9-12, 2021, a group of Mexican Americans scholars met in Berkeley, California to celebrate fifty years of Mexican American Studies. The group included many who were founders of the National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies (NACCS). In 50 Years of Struggle Part One they review the past fifty years of struggle, celebrated the victories and identified areas that still need to be addressed.

On the weekend of December 9-12, 2021, a group of Mexican Americans scholars met in Berkeley, California to review the progress made in fifty years of Mexican Americans Studies. In this, Fifty years of Struggle Part Two, the group, Reunion de Colegas, continues their dialog with a discussion of environmental racism and how it impacts Latino communities and the need to impart the knowledge and experience garnered from the Mexican American civil rights movement to younger generations.

Fifty years of Struggle Part Three, the Reunion de Colegas scholars group continues their dialog about the present and future of Mexican American Studies.

Ethnic Studies, Anti-Mexicanism & the Chicano Moratorium—Webinar, Thursday PM, August 27, 2020

I am happy to announce this free webinar featuring these outstanding scholars, notably, Drs. Irene Vasquez, Juan Gomez-Quiñones, and Álvaro Huerta to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Chicano Moratorium and the continued push to implement Ethnic Studies as a requirement in K-12 & higher education throughout the nation.

It's titled, "Ethnic Studies, Anti-Mexicanism & The Chicano Moratorium," Thursday, August 27, 2020, from 6pm to 7:30pm (pacific time) taking place on Thursday, August 27, 2020 from 6-7:30PM PST / to 8-9:30PM CST. You can view it on Facebook live here.  

Register (Zoom): https://cccconfer.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJYqf-Cspz4qHdDEX84P-7OEus3ZHhJQMxIy

Looking forward to this!

-Angela Valenzuela

#EthnicStudiesNow

#MexicanAmericanStudies

"A Select List of Books in Mexican-American History (2018) Update," by Dr. John R. Chavez, SMU

Happy to share this excellent resource on texts in the area of Mexican American history by Dr. John R. Chavez, history professor at Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas, Texas. 
—Angela

Southern Methodist University
History Faculty Publications History
SMU Scholar
7-8-2018

A Select List of Books in Mexican-American History (2018 update)

John R. Chavez
Southern Methodist University, jchavez@smu.edu

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_research
Part of the Latin American History Commons, and the United States History Commons


Recommended Citation
Chavez, John R., "A Select List of Books in Mexican-American History (2018 update)" (2018). History Faculty Publications. 7.
https://scholar.smu.edu/hum_sci_history_research/7


This document is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu.

A SELECT LIST OF BOOKS IN MEXICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY

The following list of secondary sources includes surveys and monographs, but few collections or biographies; while some works may overlap disciplines, their content is historical on the whole and focused significantly on ethnic Mexicans in the United States.

Acosta, Sal.  Sanctioning Matrimony:  Western Expansion and Interethnic Marriage in the Arizona Borderlands.  Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 2016.

Acosta, Teresa Palomo, and Winegarten, Ruthe.  Las Tejanas:  300 Hundred Years of History.  Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture, no.
10. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003.

Acuña, Rodolfo.  Occupied America:  A History of Chicanos.  8th ed.  New York: Pearson, Longman, 2014.

-----. Corridors of Migration: The Odyssey of Mexican Laborers, 1600-1933.  Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2007.

-----. East Los Angeles: A Community under Siege: A Chronicle of Chicanos East of the Los Angeles River, 1945-1975. Monograph no.11. Los Angeles: Chicano Studies Research Center Publications, University of California, 1984.

Alanís Enciso, Saúl Fernando. They Should Stay There:  The Story of Mexican Migration and Repatriation during the Great Depression.  Translation by Russ Davidson. Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press, 2017.

Alaniz, Yolanda, and Cornish, Megan.  ¡Viva la Raza!  Chicano Identity and Resistance.
Seattle, Wash:  Red Letter Press, 2008.

Alamillo, José M.  Making Lemonade Out of Lemons:  Mexican American Labor and Leisure in a California Town, 1880-1960. Statue of Liberty—Ellis Island Centennial Series.  Urbana:  University of Illinois Press, 2006.

Allsup, Carl.  The American G.I. Forum: Origins and Evolution.  Austin: Center for Mexican American Studies and University of Texas Press, 1982.

Almaguer, Tomás.  Racial Fault Lines:  The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994.

Alonzo, Armando C.  Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734- 1900.  Albuquerque:  University of New Mexico Press, 1998.

Alvarez, Luis.  The Power of the Zoot:  Youth Culture and Resistance during World War
II.  American Crossroads.  Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2008.

Anders, Evan.  Boss Rule in South Texas:  The Progressive Era.  Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982.

Andrés, Benny J.  Power and Control in the Imperial Valley: Nature, Agribusiness, and Workers on the California Borderland, 1900-1940. College Station:  Texas A&M University Press, 2014.

Arredondo, Gabriela F. Mexican Chicago: Race, Identity, and Nation, 1916-39. Statue of Liberty—Ellis Island Centennial Series. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.

Araiza, Lauren.  To March for Others: The Black Freedom Struggle and the United Farm Workers.  Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

Balderrama, Francisco E.  In Defense of La Raza:  The Los Angeles Mexican Consulate and the Mexican Community, 1929 to 1936.  Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 1982.

----- and Rodríguez, Raymond.  Decade of Betrayal:  Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s.
Albuquerque:  University of New Mexico Press, 1995.

Barajas, Frank P.  Curious Unions Mexican American Workers and Resistance in Oxnard, California, 1898-1961.  Lincoln:  University of Nebraska Press, 2012.

Barton, Paul. Hispanic Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists in Texas. Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture, no. 18. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006.

Bebout, Lee.  Mythohistorical Interventions: The Chicano Movement and Its Legacies.
Minneapolis:  University of Minnesota Press, 2011.

Behnken, Brian D.  Fighting Their Own Battles: Mexican Americans, African Americans, and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Texas. Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

Benton-Cohen, Katherine.  Borderline Americans:  Racial Division and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009.

Blackwelder, Julia.  Women of the Depression:  Caste and Culture in San Antonio, 1929- 1939. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1984.

Blackwell, Maylei.  Chicana Power!:  Contested Histories of Feminism in the Chicano Movement.  Chicana Matters Series. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011.

Blanton, Carlos Kevin.  A Promising Problem: The New Chicana/o History.  Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016.

-----.  The Strange Career of Bilingual Education in Texas, 1836-1981.
College Station:  Texas A&M University Press, 2004.

Bowman, Timothy P.  Blood Oranges:  Colonialism and Agriculture in the South Texas Borderlands.  College Station:  Texas A&M University Press, 2016.

Boyle, Susan Calafate.  Los Capitalistas:  Hispano Merchants and the Santa Fe Trade.
Albuquerque:  University of New Mexico Press, 1997.

Brackenridge, R. Douglas, and García-Treto, Francisco O.  Iglesia Presbiteriana:  A History of Presbyterians and Mexican Americans in the Southwest. Presbyterian Historical Society Publications, 15. San Antonio:  Trinity University Press, 1974.

Buitrón, Richard A.  The Quest for Tejano Identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913-2000.
Latino Communities:  Emerging Voices. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Cadava, Geraldo L. Standing on Common Ground:  The Making of a Sunbelt Borderland.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.

Calderón, Roberto R.  Mexican Coal Mining Labor in Texas and Coahuila, 1880-1930.
Rio Grande/Rio Bravo:  Borderlands Culture and Traditions, no. 2. College Station:  Texas A&M University Press, 2000.

Camarillo, Albert.  Chicanos in a Changing Society:  From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.

-----. Chicanos in California. San Francisco:  Boyd & Fraser, 1984.

Cardoso, Lawrence A.  Mexican Emigration to the United States, 1897-1931: Socio- Economic Patterns.  Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 1980.

Carrigan, William D., and Clive Webb. Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Carroll, Patrick J.   Feli x Lon gori a’s  W ake:   B er ea vement,  R acism ,  and  the  R ise of  Mexican American Activism.  History, Culture, and Society Series.  Austin: University of Texas Press, Center for Mexican American Studies, 2003.

Casas, María Raquel.  Married to a Daughter of the Land:  Spanish-Mexican Women and
 Interethnic Marriage in California, 1820-1880.  Reno:  University of Nevada Press,  2007.

Chávez, Ernesto.   M y P e ople  First!  “Mi  Raza Primero!”  Nationalism, Identity, and Insurgency in the Chicano Movement in Los Angeles, 1966-1978.  Berkeley and Los Angeles:  University of California Press, 2002.

-----.  The U.S. War with Mexico:  A Brief History with Documents. Boston, Mass.: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008

Chávez, John R.  The Lost Land:  The Chicano Image of the Southwest.  Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

-----. Eastside Landmark: A History of the East Los Angeles Community Union, 1968- 1993.  Stanford, Calif.:  Stanford University Press, 1998.

Chávez, Thomas E. An Illustrated History of New Mexico.  Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado, 1992.

Chávez-García, Miroslava.  Negotiating Conquest:  Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s.  Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 2004.

-----.  States of Deli nque nc y:   R a ce and  S ci ence i n  the  Making o f  Cali forn ia’s  J uvenil e  Justice System.  American Crossroads, 35.  Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2012.

Cohen, Deborah.  Braceros: Migrant Citizens and Transnational Subjects in the Post-War United States and Mexico.  Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

Cool, Paul.  Salt Warriors:  Insurgency on the Rio Grande.  No. 11, Canseco-Keck History.  College Station:  Texas A&M University Press, 2008.

Crimm, Ana Carolina Castillo.  De León:  A Tejano Family History.  Austin:  University of Texas Press, 2003.

Cuéllar, Carlos E.  Stories from the Barrio:  A History of Mexican Fort Worth.  Fort Worth:  Texas Christian University Press, 2003.

Daniel, Clete.  Chicano Workers and the Politics of Fairness: The FEPC in the Southwest, 1941-1945.  Austin:  University of Texas Press, 1991.

De la Garza, Beatriz. From the Republic of the Rio Grande. Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture. Austin: University of Texas
Press, 2013.

De León, Arnoldo.  Ethnicity in the Sunbelt:  A History of Mexican Americans in Houston.  Mexican American Monograph Series, no. 7.  Houston: Mexican American Studies Program, University of Houston, 1989.

-----.  Mexican Americans in Texas:  A Brief History.  Arlington Heights, Ill.:  Harlan Davidson, 1993.

-----. Racial Frontiers: Africans, Chinese, and Mexicans in Western America, 1848- 1890. Histories of the American Frontier. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002.

-----.  San Angelenos:  Mexican Americans in San Angelo, Texas. San Angelo, Tex.: Mulberry Avenue Books for the Fort Concho Museum Press, 1985.

-----. The Tejano Community, 1836-1900. Contribution by Kenneth L. Stewart.
Albuquerque:  University of New Mexico Press, 1982.

-----.  They Called Them Greasers:  Anglo Attitudes toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821- 1900.  Austin:  University of Texas Press, 1983.

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John R. Chávez Professor of History
Southern Methodist University Updated 7/8/18